ocr: DULUMETRIC EFFICTENLY The ratio of the volume of air entering the engine to its displacement per combustion cycle. In general, large valves and short intake and eHhaust passayes make for high volumetric efficiency. High engine speeds tend to reduce it, but racing engines used tuned" intake and exhaust pipes in order to raise volumetric etticiency at one specitic speed. WORK ork as used in these discussioNs means force through distance. Units are Foot-Pounds or Newton-Meters. The area enclosed in a P-D diagram is proportional to the amount of Work performed.